{"id":903,"date":"2026-10-15T05:08:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T05:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docvibanthan.com\/?p=903"},"modified":"2026-10-15T05:08:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T05:08:12","slug":"vi-sao-ta-lam-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docvibanthan.com\/?p=903","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n Zeus v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng: v\u00ec sao ta l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Nh\u1ee5c C\u1ea3m<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n Zeus v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng: v\u00ec sao ta l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c \u1edf Athens, Aristophanes t\u1eebng k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh th\u1ec3 tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Zeus ch\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhau trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tay \u00f4m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u00f9y Trang<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15\/10\/2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00d3M L\u01af\u1ee2C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng; c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ta l\u00e0m v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng.
Ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i: l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd.
B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, m\u1eabu sinh vi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan; ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong B\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c (Symposium)<\/em> c\u1ee7a Plato, nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch Aristophanes \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Thu\u1edf xa x\u01b0a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n tay, b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 hai g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 hai ph\u00eda. Nh\u1eefng sinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c d\u00e1m nu\u00f4i tham v\u1ecdng leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea7n Zeus ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd y\u1ebfu \u0111i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebb m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec1u lang thang \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u1eeda kia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhau, h\u1ecd \u00f4m xi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n trong v\u00f2ng tay nhau. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, Zeus d\u1eddi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng \u00f4m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 giao h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecbu bu\u00f4ng nhau ra v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng (Plato, ca. 385\u2013370 B.C.E.\/1989).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n: ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00ec khao kh\u00e1t t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i n\u1eeda kia \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft: \u00e2n \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban t\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111ang n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh nhau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi, ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 \u00eam \u00e1i, hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho xong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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C\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cv\u00ec sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u00edch: \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m, hay v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u00e1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3, hay m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m khi\u00ean che \u0111\u1eady. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c mang nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00fd do \u201ch\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi\u201d m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi l\u00fd do \u201cch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n\u201d kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Th\u1ee9 ba, g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ham mu\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh. Thi\u1ebfu ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ta v\u1eabn l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Hai tr\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y l\u00fd do<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00f4m, c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00edu gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u1ecfi r\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc. Cooper et al. (1998) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (functional perspective): kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec, m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y \u0111ang mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1ecdc theo hai tr\u1ee5c: ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hay n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u00e1u nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecd \u0111o, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 (coping), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c; \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111i c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n, \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb (Cooper et al., 1998). H\u00e0nh vi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i; th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (Sexual motives)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea3y sinh mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m vui th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ho\u1eb7c xoa d\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t an. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111i c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed9c \u00e2n \u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hay t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (xem th\u1ebb \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Meston v\u00e0 Buss (2007) h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec sao h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u1eafng nghe t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 237 l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3, 1.549 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u00fd do v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 gom c\u00e1c l\u00fd do th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn<\/th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf<\/th>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1ea7m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m, gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1edfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, t\u00ecm tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi<\/td>\u201cC\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec?\u201d<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/strong><\/td>l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\u201cVi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?\u201d<\/td><\/tr>
C\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>y\u00eau v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m<\/td>\u201cM\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y?\u201d<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1ea5t an<\/strong><\/td>n\u00e2ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi<\/td>\u201cM\u00ecnh s\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m?\u201d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m, mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng; kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 (Meston & Buss, 2007). Danh s\u00e1ch d\u00f9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1eabu sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cLi\u1ec7u 237 l\u00fd do c\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u00fd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u00e1i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t hai l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd do \u1edf nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111u\u00f4i: n\u00f3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ta hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u1ecbu th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn (ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, n\u00edu gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi), v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c\u201d, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ham mu\u1ed1n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3: ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i g\u1ed9p l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, th\u00ec sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ra. Helen Fisher (1998) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng \u1edf lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u00fa t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ea3n: ham mu\u1ed1n (lust), s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn (attraction), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 (attachment), m\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft ri\u00eang. Lisa Diamond (2003) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1eabn nhau theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khao kh\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau, y\u00eau tha thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ham mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Aristophanes, h\u00f3a ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nhau v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u1eb3ng chung m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cBa h\u1ec7 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 g\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft; trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt, ba d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y \u0111an v\u00e0o nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Diamond (2003) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1eabn nhau. T\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn cho r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ham mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Masters v\u00e0 Johnson (1966) ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda b\u1ed1n pha n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp: h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n, b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean, c\u1ef1c kho\u00e1i v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i lui. C\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh dung ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u201cth\u00e8m\u201d, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosemary Basson (2000) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ctrung t\u00ednh\u201d, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ham mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u00f2ng: khao kh\u00e1t s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ham mu\u1ed1n m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y n\u1edf. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng (Responsive desire)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ham mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, thay v\u00ec t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Basson (2000), l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u00e2n \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/title>B\u00ean tr\u00ean: b\u1ed1n pha n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n, b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean, c\u1ef1c kho\u00e1i, tho\u00e1i lui, ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4 m\u1edd ghi th\u00e8m t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi: v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m, h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n, ham mu\u1ed1n n\u1ea3y l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, r\u1ed3i quay l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u00fd do cho l\u1ea7n sau.<\/desc><\/marker><\/defs>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/text>Th\u00e8m (t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t)<\/text>H\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n<\/text>B\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean<\/text>C\u1ef1c kho\u00e1i<\/text>Tho\u00e1i lui<\/text>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n<\/text>Trung t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 l\u00fd do<\/text>\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u00f2ng<\/text>\u0110\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m<\/text>H\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n<\/text>Ham mu\u1ed1n n\u1ea3y l\u00ean<\/text>Th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, th\u00e0nh<\/text>l\u00fd do cho l\u1ea7n sau<\/text><\/svg>
H\u00ecnh 1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Masters & Johnson, 1966) v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Basson, 2000), v\u1ebd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a. \u00d4 \u201cTh\u00e8m (t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t)\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh dung ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t pha trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Masters v\u00e0 Johnson.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cV\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111ang h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh khi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 cam ch\u1ecbu hay \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ba c\u00e1ch ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ba c\u00e1ch ta c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 M\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u201cCh\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u201d: l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1ea7m.<\/strong> \u201cC\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00f4i, c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i s\u00e2u xa?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/strong> Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf: Fisher (1998) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ham mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t (Meston & Buss, 2007). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n: \u00e2n \u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00fd, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0103n khi \u0111\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n.<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u201cb\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n xanh\u201d hay kh\u00f4ng; t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u201chi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kho\u00e1i; sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, v\u00e0 n\u00e9 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u \u201cchuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3; \u00edt m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, \u00edt \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00f3a\u201d kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb mang ra l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cCoi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai: kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1eef \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d. Cooper et al. (1998) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ni\u1ec1m vui, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i\u201d khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3i th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00ecnh nhai nu\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111ang bu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eadp vai \u00b7 Khung ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Cooper et al., 1998)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e2n v\u1eeba b\u1ecb s\u1ebfp khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng. T\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, anh nh\u1eafn cho b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i: \u201cQua ch\u1ed7 anh kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/em> V\u1edbi anh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3: d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra, Qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u0103ng g\u1ea1c t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 che m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 nghe.<\/strong> Khi ta n\u00f3i \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4i m\u00e0\u201d, nhi\u1ec1u khi ta \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn xem nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1eadt \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u201cPh\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d: l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u1ec1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1ea7m.<\/strong> \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u00f2a l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, th\u00ec l\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aristophanes. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: l\u00fd do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u (Meston & Buss, 2007). Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi xa h\u01a1n: t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y va ph\u1ea3i hai ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Diamond, 2003), th\u00ec, theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng khao kh\u00e1t ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ham mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn sau (Basson, 2000), th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u201ctia l\u1eeda\u201d t\u1ef1 b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1edd nhau m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ebft y\u00eau m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i\u201d; b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00e8m th\u00ec lo t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; sau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn c\u00e3i v\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ngay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khung \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc; s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng niu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u201cch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 vui\u201d, \u201cm\u1ec7t n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u00f4m\u201d, hay ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tan v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cL\u00e0m t\u00ecnh g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sao?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c \u00e2n \u00e1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u00f2i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. Ngay trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, v\u00f2ng \u00f4m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu bu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft m\u00f2n, bu\u1ed9c Zeus ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n r\u1ed3i bu\u00f4ng nhau ra.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eadp vai \u00b7 Khung ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng (Basson, 2000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. D\u1ea1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4 hi\u1ebfm khi th\u1ea5y \u201cth\u00e8m\u201d t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3ng: \u201cHay l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh h\u1ebft y\u00eau anh \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i?\u201d<\/em> Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1i anh ng\u1ed3i b\u00f3p vai cho c\u00f4, hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt l\u00e2u, th\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4 v\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u1ea5m l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Basson:<\/strong> Vy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ham mu\u1ed1n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. L\u00fd do b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e8m g\u00f5 c\u1eeda sau. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec1m tin \u201cph\u1ea3i th\u00e8m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u1eadt\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00f4 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 nghe.<\/strong> B\u1eaft m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u00e1i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 b\u1eaft n\u00f3 g\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u201d: l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 y\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hai th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u xoay quanh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 ba \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean h\u01a1n: d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh. B\u00e0i L\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, hay \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i?<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o hai d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1ea7m.<\/strong> \u201cTh\u00f4i c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u00e0m cho xong \u0111i, r\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd y\u00ean \u1ed5n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u201cb\u1ea5t an\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\u201d c\u1ee7a Meston v\u00e0 Buss (2007): l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n ch\u00fat gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Cooper et al. (1998), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh: ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e3i v\u00e3, s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1t, hay n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. Impett et al. (2005) theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p sinh vi\u00ean qua nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong hai tu\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng cao h\u01a1n; nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n; v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00ec n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia tay cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan: hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng song h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n.<\/strong> L\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y \u201c\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m\u201d; \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c tr\u00f4i \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea7m mong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 qua nhanh; sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1edf ph\u00e0o v\u00ec \u201ctr\u1ea3 xong n\u1ee3\u201d, xen l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh t\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1m n\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft; \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e2u d\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, ta s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cNh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi mong manh gi\u1eefa \u201cm\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eb7ng anh \u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0y\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u00ecnh s\u1ee3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i\u201d. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n; c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh. H\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Impett et al. (2005) cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. (N\u1ebfu \u201cs\u1ee3\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh hay \u0111e d\u1ecda, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, xem m\u1ee5c an to\u00e0n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eadp vai \u00b7 Khung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh (Impett et al., 2005)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m ca \u0111\u00eam c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u00e8m m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. Ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u im l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda m\u1ea1nh tay h\u01a1n. T\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, c\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7: \u201cTh\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho xong, \u0111\u1ec3 mai nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u00f2n y\u00ean \u1ed5n.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo khung ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh:<\/strong> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng xu n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, H\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 nghe.<\/strong> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u00eam \u1ea3 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u201cM\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd\u201d: bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1ea7m.<\/strong> \u201cL\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/strong> H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u00ean: kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng; s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i l\u00e0 qu\u00fd; \u00e2n \u00e1i \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ee9 n\u00f3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c: l\u00e0m m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c \u00e2n \u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cm\u00ecnh khao kh\u00e1t em\u201d, \u201cem nh\u1edb anh\u201d, \u201ch\u00f4m nay m\u00ecnh bu\u1ed3n qu\u00e1, \u00f4m m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3i. Ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng (Basson, 2000) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cEm ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y th\u00e8m, nh\u01b0ng em mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n anh, \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i ta kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t. Muise et al. (2016) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 30.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n; v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n.<\/strong> G\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn; n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u00f4m nay th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e9\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i; c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi l\u00fd do ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdt nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng; ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 hai d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3; l\u00e0m phai \u0111i v\u1ebb \u201cth\u1ea7n giao c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i\u201d m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ee3p l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh: \u201cv\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ch\u1ec9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n ta th\u1ea5y l\u1ea5n c\u1ea5n: c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, hay th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eadp vai \u00b7 Khung ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duy v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n \u0111ang quay cu\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi con nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed1i, Duy g\u1ee3i \u00fd; Ng\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cEm ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng em nh\u1edb anh. M\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m \u00f4m nhau m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e9, r\u1ed3i xem sao.\u201d<\/em> C\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh; c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 hai ng\u1ee7 thi\u1ebfp \u0111i trong v\u00f2ng tay nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo khung ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt v\u1edbi l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Duy c\u00f3 ham mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t; Ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng ai ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed, ch\u1eb3ng ai ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 nghe.<\/strong> Mu\u1ed1n \u00e2n \u00e1i trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/th>Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/th>Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/th>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu<\/th>Cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/td>C\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i<\/td>L\u1eddi th\u1ec1<\/td>Kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed<\/td>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/td><\/tr>
N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 trung t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>S\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u\u201d<\/td>S\u1ee3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 ngu\u1ed9i<\/td>S\u1ee3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf<\/td>S\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/td><\/tr>
Khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ec7 ham mu\u1ed1n (Fisher, 1998); nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (Meston & Buss, 2007)<\/td>Ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai h\u1ec7 (Diamond, 2003)<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh (Impett et al., 2005)<\/td>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Cooper et al., 1998); ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng (Basson, 2000)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1eeb d\u00f2ng Khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng trong b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Kh\u00f4ng ai thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u00e2n \u00e1i hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do: ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba khao kh\u00e1t, v\u1eeba nhung nh\u1edb, v\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh sau tr\u1eadn c\u00e3i v\u00e3 ban chi\u1ec1u. Ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7m l\u00fd do m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i, ngay trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau.<\/strong> H\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ham mu\u1ed1n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ham mu\u1ed1n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ee3i \u00fd thi\u1ebfu d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh \u201canh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 em\u201d; ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb th\u00e0nh \u201cem kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00e8m anh n\u1eefa\u201d. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai; l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t sang tr\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ai \u0111\u00fang ai sai, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. B\u00e0i L\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, hay \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i?<\/a> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i len v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u1ede m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eeba ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ng\u1eabm d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng khai. Tr\u00ean n\u1eafp th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 2.000\u20132.500 n\u0103m, nay l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4i nam n\u1eef \u0111ang giao h\u1ee3p, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc (C\u1ee5c Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n.d.). T\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, h\u1ed9i Tr\u00f2 Tr\u00e1m (h\u1ed9i \u201cLinh tinh t\u00ecnh ph\u1ed9c\u201d) v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec l\u1ec5 M\u1eadt v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam 11 r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng 12 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, mang \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i, n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng sinh s\u00f4i (Vietnam+, 2024). Trong h\u1ec7 quy chi\u1ebfu \u1ea5y, l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u00e1ch M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed<\/em> ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi C\u00e1o T\u1eed: \u201cTh\u1ef1c s\u1eafc, t\u00ednh d\u00e3\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m ca ng\u1ee3i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. V\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ham mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng x\u1ebfp n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. Ta c\u00f3 \u201cchuy\u1ec7n ch\u0103n g\u1ed1i\u201d, \u201cchuy\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng the\u201d, \u201cchuy\u1ec7n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u201d: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi l\u00fd do l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng khung th\u00e0nh \u201cngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u201d, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u201d c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cl\u1ea7n n\u00e0y em c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d nghe ch\u1eebng th\u1eeba th\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu gi\u1edbi: \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u201d, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec \u201cph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0nh \u201cchi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed3ng\u201d. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Meston v\u00e0 Buss (2007) cho th\u1ea5y nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u00fd do h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u; kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb9p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i hay v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ea; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec khao kh\u00e1t. Khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m d\u00e1m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00fd do th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u so s\u00e1nh. L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y: t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u1edbn \u1edf s\u00e2n \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf trong ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Meston v\u00e0 Buss (2007) ghi nh\u1eadn 237 l\u00fd do l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m: th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t an. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ni\u1ec1m vui ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (Cooper et al., 1998).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d, \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u201d; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i: l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u1ea7n ta \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 hay n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec ham mu\u1ed1n; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n (Impett et al., 2005).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ham mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian an to\u00e0n (Basson, 2000); kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u201ckhao kh\u00e1t\u201d ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, m\u1eabu ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan; ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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    Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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    B\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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    • N\u00f3i l\u00fd do b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau<\/strong>\u201cH\u00f4m nay anh th\u00e8m em\u201d, \u201cEm nh\u1edb anh\u201d, \u201cEm m\u1ec7t l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4m\u201d. V\u00ec c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Cooper et al., 1998); n\u00f3i ra gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ta nghe r\u00f5 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Cho ph\u00e9p ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn sau<\/strong>Th\u1eed thay \u201cEm c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u201cM\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nhau m\u1ed9t l\u00fac nh\u00e9?\u201d, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ham mu\u1ed1n n\u1ea3y n\u1edf sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh an to\u00e0n (Basson, 2000).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u00e1ch \u201ckh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh\u201d kh\u1ecfi \u201ckh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i\u201d<\/strong>Khi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i kh\u00e1c: m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00f4m, n\u1eb1m tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. Khi b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, h\u1ecfi \u201cH\u00f4m nay em sao th\u1ebf?\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cEm h\u1ebft y\u00eau anh r\u1ed3i \u00e0\u201d. V\u00ec ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi (Diamond, 2003).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u201d trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi: v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa, hay n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. V\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh do \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia tay cao h\u01a1n (Impett et al., 2005).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cd\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111e d\u1ecda, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia 111<\/strong> hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 B\u00ecnh y\u00ean 1900 969 680<\/strong>.
      N\u00ean t\u00ecm chuy\u00ean gia tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i khi: ham mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5p g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 dai d\u1eb3ng; l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh g\u00e2y \u0111au; th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi lo \u00e2u, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m hay sang ch\u1ea5n; ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh. \u0110au khi quan h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m kh\u00e1m y khoa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • T\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/strong> H\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec sao h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3i ra. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do g\u00f3c khu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 hay tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • M\u1eabu h\u1eb9p.<\/strong> Meston v\u00e0 Buss (2007) v\u00e0 Impett et al. (2005) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. \u1ede m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a coi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u201cchuy\u1ec7n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u201d, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00fd do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c; b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh; t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u201cm\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i toa thu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u1edbi duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/strong> Ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thang \u0111o \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh; m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Basson ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do s\u00e2u xa n\u00e0o c\u1ea3: ta l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u r\u1ea3nh, hay v\u00ec th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1eb9p trong chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u0169.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n

        Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Trong B\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c<\/em>, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Aristophanes ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 sau, Socrates thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Diotima, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u1eeda kia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u1eeb khi n\u1eeda kia \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1eaft b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 tay ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i; \u0111i\u1ec1u ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ch\u00fang m\u00e3i m\u00e3i (Plato, ca. 385\u2013370 B.C.E.\/1989).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00c1p l\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i. Ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3i, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u00e1i, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ed5n. Ta l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh khi b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang n\u00f3i g\u00ec: m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n th\u00e8m, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0, hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cAnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eefng n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Aristophanes \u00f4m nhau \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bu\u00f4ng tay. Zeus ban cho h\u1ecd \u00e2n \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa, r\u1ed3i bu\u00f4ng nhau ra m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda kia hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0: m\u1ed7i khi gieo m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tay nhau, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

        \n
        \n

        Ngu\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Basson, R. (2000). The female sexual response: A different model. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 26<\/em>(1), 51\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/009262300278641<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Cooper, M. L., Shapiro, C. M., & Powers, A. M. (1998). Motivations for sex and risky sexual behavior among adolescents and young adults: A functional perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75<\/em>(6), 1528\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.75.6.1528<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • C\u1ee5c Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. (n.d.). Th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecbnh<\/em>. https:\/\/dsvh.gov.vn\/thap-dong-dao-thinh-3016<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Diamond, L. M. (2003). What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire. Psychological Review, 110<\/em>(1), 173\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.110.1.173<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Fisher, H. E. (1998). Lust, attraction, and attachment in mammalian reproduction. Human Nature, 9<\/em>(1), 23\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12110-998-1010-5<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Impett, E. A., Peplau, L. A., & Gable, S. L. (2005). Approach and avoidance sexual motives: Implications for personal and interpersonal well-being. Personal Relationships, 12<\/em>(4), 465\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2005.00126.x<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response<\/em>. Little, Brown.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2007). Why humans have sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36<\/em>(4), 477\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-007-9175-2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Muise, A., Schimmack, U., & Impett, E. A. (2016). Sexual frequency predicts greater well-being, but more is not always better. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7<\/em>(4), 295\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550615616462<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Plato. (1989). Symposium<\/em> (A. Nehamas & P. Woodruff, Trans.). Hackett. (Original work published ca. 385\u2013370 B.C.E.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Vietnam+. (2024, February 21). \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Linh tinh t\u00ecnh ph\u1ed9c t\u00f4n vinh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c<\/em>. TTXVN. https:\/\/www.vietnamplus.vn\/doc-dao-le-hoi-linh-tinh-tinh-phoc-ton-vinh-tin-nguong-phon-thuc-post928674.vnp<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • L\u1eddi C\u00e1o T\u1eed \u201cth\u1ef1c s\u1eafc, t\u00ednh d\u00e3\u201d d\u1eabn theo s\u00e1ch M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed<\/em>, thi\u00ean C\u00e1o T\u1eed th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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